制造企业集成提供物属性对制造企业服务提供与顾客企业价值感知间关系的调节作用

在已有研究文献的基础上,从顾客企业的视角检验了制造企业集成提供物的相关属性对制造企业服务提供与顾客企业价值感知间关系的调节影响。研究发现:制造企业集成提供物的创新程度、满足能力、服务所涉范围等属性会强化制造企业服务化与顾客企业价值感知的关系。     

被征地农民的养老责任认知及其影响因素分析——基于湖南8县市被征地农民的调查

基于来自湖南省8个县市550位被征地农民的问卷调查数据,文章考察了被征地农民养老责任认知的现状及其与责任分担现实之间的关系,并据此进一步分析了影响被征地农民养老责任认知的因素.结果表明,69.6％的被征地农民认为家庭应为自己征地后的养老负全部或部分责任;分别有44.3％和73.8％的被征地农民认为村集体和地方政府应为其养老负全部或部分责任;但在被征地农民实际的养老责任分担中,分别有高达88.1％和81.2％的被征地农民反映村集体和地方政府没为其养老担负任何责任.进一步分析被征地农民养老责任认知的影响因素后发现,征地地区、征地性质、政府信任、家庭抚养人口数、家庭月收入、性别、年龄和受教育年限等变量都不同程度地对被征地农民的养老责任认知有较显著的影响.     

Acquirer's return and the choice of acquisition targets: does acquisition experience matter?

We study a sample of 6503 UK acquisitions completed between 1985 and 2004 and control for previous deals similarities. Returns for frequent acquirers decrease constantly but they remain positive through high-order deals. We do not detect an improving pattern of returns but, at best, a stable one when the deal is settled for cash. Using ‘characteristics-based’ experience variables, our multivariate analysis shows that the acquirers’ returns are unaffected by prior acquisition experience. However, we find solid evidence for acquirers drawing inferences from prior experience in designing the method of payment, selecting the organizational form of the target firm and engaging in focused acquisitions, which is consistent with learning through acquisitions. The results are robust to various consistency checks.     

Justice in the Organizational Context： How Does Rating Disagreement Matter？

Since managers and employees play unequal roles in organizations, they have different perceptions regarding managerial practices. Understanding such differences and investigating the underlying causes help improve business administration and motivate organizational members. Employing data obtained from a sample of large SOEs （state owned enterprises）, this study evaluates disagreement between managers and employees in terms of their perception of organizational justice. Plausible causes of the disagreement and managerial implications are offered.     

基于游客视角下兰州城市旅游形象感知评价

旅游形象对城市发展起至关重要的作用,尤其对旅游欠发达的城市更是如此。本研究通过问卷调查获取基础数据,采用模糊综合法从游客的视角评价兰州城市旅游形象的游客感知水平。评价主要从自然景观、人文特色、旅游设施及服务和社会环境四个方面进行。结果表明：兰州市旅游总体形象综合评价得分为3.153,根据最大隶属原则,兰州市旅游总体形象的评价语义为“一般”。其中,游客对于人文特色的认可度较高,对社会环境的认可度偏低,自然景观、人文特色、旅游设施及服务和社会环境的评价语义均为“一般”。另外,人文特色的表现水平高于平均水平,自然景观、旅游设施及服务和社会环境的表现水平低于平均水平,因此,兰州市应重点加强自然景观、旅游设施及服务和社会环境的建设力度。     

Risk Perception and Demand for Risk Mitigation in Transport: A Comparison of Lay People,Politicians and Experts

This paper aims at examining risk perception, worry and demand for risk mitigation in transport and to compare judgements made by lay people, politicians and experts. The results are based on three questionnaire surveys carried out during autumn and winter 2004. The first study involved a representative sample of the Norwegian population (n = 1716), the second sample a group of Norwegian politicians (n = 146) and the third a group of experts on transport safety (n = 26). Studies carried out previously (Sjöberg, 1998a Sjöberg, L. 1998a. Worry and risk perception. Risk Analysis, 18(1): 85–93.  [Google Scholar], 1999 Sjöberg, L. 1999. Consequences of perceived risk: demand for risk mitigation. Journal of Risk Research, 2(2): 129–149.  [Google Scholar]) have given support to the idea that consequences are more important for demands of risk mitigation than probability assessments. In the present study it is hypothesised that this may be because they are associated with worry and it is also proposed that worry relates more strongly to demands for risk mitigation than evaluation of consequences. The results of SEM‐modelling showed that worry was a stronger and more significant predictor of demands for risk mitigation compared to consequences and worry mediated the effect of consequences. Probability assessment was a totally insignificant predictor. In accordance with previous studies, the results showed that experts demanded less risk reduction than lay people and politicians. The results indicate that this is because they stress the probability more than the other two groups.     

Risk Perception and Worry Related to Adolescents' Judgement of Three Types of Risk

The core aim of this study was to examine determinants of anticipated worry related to three types of risk among adolescents. The participants were Norwegian high‐school students aged 15–19 years (n = 335). They were students at 6 high schools and a total of 15 randomly selected school classes participated in the study. All the students were asked to fill in a self‐completion questionnaire. The response rate was 100 per cent. The participants were shown three video sequences of three‐minute conversations between a person and a listener discussing three risk sources, which each had developed into a problem (drug use, depression, and sexual abuse). The video sequences were shown to the students when they were in their classes. The results showed that there were gender differences in probability assessments as well as in anticipated worry related to the three types of risk. There were also differences in worry depending on the respondent's past experience with an identical or similar problem or risk. In addition to cognitive evaluations, own experience and gender, general worry, social support seeking, anxiety and depression significantly predicted worry. These variables explained 52 per cent of the variance. Worry may be a significant predictor of risk behaviour as well as decisions concerning risks and risk reduction. The results are related to the risk‐as‐feelings hypothesis (Loewenstein, Weber, Hsee and Welch) and other risk decision models are also discussed.     

The use of multi‐level modelling in risk research. A secondary analysis of a study of public perceptions of genetically modified food

Many studies have examined the relationship between various individual variables and people's perceptions of genetically modified (GM) food. A problem with this type of research is that contextual factors are completely ignored. This article explores the use of multi‐level modelling in the field of risk research, by re‐analysing a recent British study of public perceptions of GM food. As the study employed a multi‐stage sampling strategy, it could be used to examine simultaneously the individual and spatial variation in trust and the acceptability of GM food. While the geographical variation in acceptability was largely due to compositional differences between the sampling points, a geographical variation in trust remained after controlling for individual differences. The analysis demonstrated that city‐dwellers commonly have more trust in the regulation of GM food than other respondents. Next to being associated with a number of socio‐demographic variables, both acceptability and trust were related strongly to voting intention. Moreover, the results suggest that there is a link between vulnerable groups, feelings of exclusion, and (dis)trust. The article is concluded by arguing that multi‐level modelling provides new opportunities for simultaneously examining the individual and contextual basis of public perceptions of controversial risk issues.     

Perception of the risks and benefits of Bt eggplant by Indian farmers

Several researchers—most notably Lennart Sjoberg and his colleagues—have proposed that the moral aspects of risk provide a better explanation of risk perception than the psychometric paradigm or Cultural Theory, neither of which accounts for moral concerns. This study is possibly the first to assess empirically the perception of the risks and benefits of a transgenic food crop—transgenic Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) eggplant—by farmers in a developing country such as India. It also aims to assess if the moral aspects of risk figure in Indian farmers' perception of Bt eggplant and if economic benefits outweigh perceived risks. To answer the research questions, a scenario was used to elicit perceptions of Bt eggplant among 100 eggplant farmers in the state of Maharashtra in India. The findings indicate that economic benefits, safety concerns, and accountability are most salient to Indian farmers' perception of the risks and benefits of Bt eggplant. Significantly, none of the farmers mentioned moral concerns as an issue. The findings also make clear that economic benefits outweigh perceived risks. This study concludes that economic benefits are more salient than moral concerns to Indian farmers' perception Bt eggplant. It also proposes that an alternative theoretical model incorporating economic benefits, safety concerns, and accountability as key variables should be developed and tested for end users in the developing world.     

As Time Goes By: The Beginnings of Social and Behavioural Science Risk Research

Attempts at studying risk issues in the social and behavioural sciences have now been going on for about 30 years. A brief summary of the first Swedish project, launched in 1975, and now available on the Internet site www.dynam‐it.com/risk, is presented. It was a fairly large‐scale attempt to review work then available or in a start‐up phase in several disciplines, mainly in the social sciences, but also in some of the humanities and in technology. The usual problems of interdisciplinary work were met with, and are briefly noted here. However, there was also a philosophical rift between empirical and theoretical/conceptual approaches which surfaced in requirements of “a theory of risk” and an accompanying and integrated analysis of risk generation in society. These requirements are as difficult to meet today as they were in the 1970s, and in some quarters they are just as demanding. However, the quest for “a theory of risk” is arguably meaningless, and fruitful research on risk topics is hardly to be expected to be the result from merely analysing the meaning of the word. Risk is just a four‐letter word.